Welsh Grammar
The various dialects of Welsh are being standardised into two forms, northern and southern. Both versions are given here.
North Wales
Nouns
Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine.
| ceffyl |
|
horse (masc.) |
| Singular |
|
|
y ceffyl |
|
the horse |
| Plural |
|
|
y ceffylau |
|
the horses |
| cath |
|
cat (fem.) |
| Singular |
|
|
y gath |
|
the cat |
| Plural |
|
|
y cathod |
|
the cats |
Verbs
| bod |
|
to be |
| Singular |
| 1. |
dw i |
|
I am |
| 2. |
rwyt ti |
|
you are (familiar) |
|
dach chi |
|
you are (formal) |
| 3. |
mae o |
|
he is |
|
mae hi |
|
she is |
| Plural |
| 1. |
dan ni |
|
we are |
| 2. |
dach chi |
|
you are |
| 3. |
maen nhw |
|
they are |
In the third person (he, she, it, they) a different form of is / are may be used if an object equates to another object:
| Mae o yn y dre |
|
He is in the town |
| Maen nhw yn y dre |
|
They are in the town |
| Mae o'n oer |
|
He is cold |
| Maen nhw'n oer |
|
They are cold |
| Mae o'n cerdded |
|
He is walking |
| Maen nhw'n cerdded |
|
They are walking |
| BUT |
|
|
| Fy mrawd ydy o |
|
He is my brother |
| Fy mrodyr ydyn nhw |
|
They are my brothers |
| bod gan |
|
to have |
| Singular |
| 1. |
mae gen i ... |
|
I have ... |
| 2. |
mae gen ti ... |
|
you have ... (familiar) |
|
mae gynnoch chi ... |
|
you have ... (formal) |
| 3. |
mae gynno fo ... |
|
he has ... |
|
mae gynni hi ... |
|
she has ... |
| Plural |
| 1. |
mae gynnon ni ... |
|
we have ... |
| 2. |
mae gynnoch chi ... |
|
you have ... |
| 3. |
mae gynnyn nhw ... |
|
they have ... |
| mynd |
|
to go |
| Singular |
| 1. |
dw i'n mynd |
|
I go |
| 2. |
rwyt ti'n mynd |
|
you go (familiar) |
|
dach chi'n mynd |
|
you go (formal) |
| 3. |
mae o'n mynd |
|
he goes |
|
mae hi'n mynd |
|
she goes |
| Plural |
| 1. |
dan ni'n mynd |
|
we go |
| 2. |
dach chi'n mynd |
|
you go |
| 3. |
maen nhw'n mynd |
|
they go |
Adjectives
Adjectives have two genders, masculine and feminine and are usually placed after the noun.
| bach |
|
small (masc.) |
| Singular |
| traeth bach |
|
a small beach |
| y traeth bach |
|
the small beach |
| Plural |
| traethau bach |
|
small beaches |
| y traethau bach |
|
the small beaches |
| fach |
|
small (fem.) |
| Singular |
| tre fach |
|
a small town |
| y dre fach |
|
the small town |
| Plural |
| trefi bach |
|
small towns |
| y trefi bach |
|
the small towns |
South Wales
Nouns
Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine.
| ceffyl |
|
horse (masc.) |
| Singular |
|
|
y ceffyl |
|
the horse |
| Plural |
|
|
y ceffylau |
|
the horses |
| cath |
|
cat (fem.) |
| Singular |
|
|
y gath |
|
the cat |
| Plural |
|
|
y cathod |
|
the cats |
Verbs
| bod |
|
to be |
| Singular |
| 1. |
dw i |
|
I am |
| 2. |
rwyt ti |
|
you are (familiar) |
|
dych chi |
|
you are (formal) |
| 3. |
mae e |
|
he is |
|
mae hi |
|
she is |
| Plural |
| 1. |
dyn ni |
|
we are |
| 2. |
dych chi |
|
you are |
| 3. |
maen nhw |
|
they are |
In the third person (he, she, it, they) a different form of is / are may be used if an object equates to another object:
| Mae e yn y dre |
|
He is in the town |
| Maen nhw yn y dre |
|
They are in the town |
| Mae e'n oer |
|
He is cold |
| Maen nhw'n oer |
|
They are cold |
| Mae e'n cerdded |
|
He is walking |
| Maen nhw'n cerdded |
|
They are walking |
| BUT |
|
|
| Fy mrawd yw e |
|
He is my brother |
| Fy mrodyr ydyn nhw |
|
They are my brothers |
| bod gyda |
|
to have |
| Singular |
| 1. |
mae ... gyda fi |
|
I have ... |
| 2. |
mae ... gyda ti |
|
you have ... (familiar) |
|
mae ... gyda chi |
|
you have ... (formal) |
| 3. |
mae ... gyda fe |
|
he has ... |
|
mae ... gyda hi |
|
she has ... |
| Plural |
| 1. |
mae ... gyda ni |
|
we have ... |
| 2. |
mae ... gyda chi |
|
you have ... |
| 3. |
mae . gyda nhw |
|
they have ... |
| mynd |
|
to go |
| Singular |
| 1. |
dw i'n mynd |
|
I go |
| 2. |
rwyt ti'n mynd |
|
you go (familiar) |
|
dych chi'n mynd |
|
you go (formal) |
| 3. |
mae e'n mynd |
|
he goes |
|
mae hi'n mynd |
|
she goes |
| Plural |
| 1. |
dyn ni'n mynd |
|
we go |
| 2. |
dych chi'n mynd |
|
you go |
| 3. |
maen nhw'n mynd |
|
they go |
Adjectives
Adjectives have two genders, masculine and feminine and are usually placed after the noun.
| bach |
|
small (masc.) |
| Singular |
| traeth bach |
|
a small beach |
| y traeth bach |
|
the small beach |
| Plural |
| traethau bach |
|
small beaches |
| y traethau bach |
|
the small beaches |
| fach |
|
small (fem.) |
| Singular |
| tre fach |
|
a small town |
| y dre fach |
|
the small town |
| Plural |
| trefi bach |
|
small towns |
| y trefi bach |
|
the small towns |
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