Spanish Grammar
Nouns
Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine.
| libro |
|
book (masc.) |
| Singular |
| nom. |
|
el libro |
|
the book |
| Plural |
| nom. |
|
los libros |
|
the books |
| casa |
|
house (fem.) |
| Singular |
| nom. |
|
la casa |
|
the house |
| Plural |
| nom. |
|
las casas |
|
the houses |
Verbs
The verb "to be" has two versions. If a permanent state is indicated, e.g. He is tall, or Snow is white, the verb ser is used. If a temporary state is indicated, e.g. She is happy, or The man is in the shop, the verb estar is used.
| ser |
|
to be |
| Singular |
| 1. |
soy |
|
I am |
| 2. |
eres |
|
you are (familiar) |
|
es |
|
you are (formal) |
| 3. |
es |
|
he is, it is |
|
es |
|
she is, it is |
| Plural |
| 1. |
somos |
|
we are |
| 2. |
sois |
|
you are |
| 3. |
son |
|
they are |
| estar |
|
to be |
| Singular |
| 1. |
estoy |
|
I am |
| 2. |
estás |
|
you are (familiar) |
|
está |
|
you are (formal) |
| 3. |
está |
|
he is, it is |
|
está |
|
she is, it is |
| Plural |
| 1. |
estamos |
|
we are |
| 2. |
estáis |
|
you are |
| 3. |
están |
|
they are |
| tener |
|
to have |
| Singular |
| 1. |
tengo |
|
I have |
| 2. |
tienes |
|
you have (familiar) |
|
tiene |
|
you have (formal) |
| 3. |
tiene |
|
he has, it has |
|
tiene |
|
she has, it has |
| Plural |
| 1. |
tenemos |
|
we have |
| 2. |
tenéis |
|
you have |
| 3. |
tienen |
|
they have |
| hablar |
|
to speak |
| Singular |
| 1. |
hablo |
|
I speak |
| 2. |
hablas |
|
you speak (familiar) |
|
habla |
|
you speak (formal) |
| 3. |
habla |
|
he speaks, it speaks |
|
habla |
|
she speaks, it speaks |
| Plural |
| 1. |
hablamos |
|
we speak |
| 2. |
habláis |
|
you speak |
| 3. |
hablan |
|
they speak |
Adjectives
Adjectives have two genders, masculine and feminine and are most often placed after the noun.
| blanco |
|
white (masc.) |
| Singular |
| un libro blanco |
|
a white book |
| el libro blanco |
|
the white book |
| Plural |
| libros blancos |
|
white books |
| los libros blancos |
|
the white books |
| blanca |
|
white (fem.) |
| Singular |
| una casa blanca |
|
a white house |
| la casa blanca |
|
the white house |
| Plural |
| casas blancas |
|
white houses |
| las casas blancas |
|
the white houses |
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