Portuguese Grammar
Nouns
Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine.
| livro |
|
book (masc.) |
| Singular |
|
|
o livro |
|
the book |
| Plural |
|
|
os livros |
|
the books |
| rapariga |
|
girl (fem.) |
| Singular |
|
|
a rapariga |
|
the girl |
| Plural |
|
|
as raparigas |
|
the girls |
Verbs
The verb "to be" has two versions. If a permanent state is indicated, e.g. He is tall, or Snow is white, the verb ser is used. If a temporary state is indicated, e.g. She is happy, or The man is in the shop, the verb estar is used.
| ser |
|
to be |
| Singular |
| 1. |
sou |
|
I am |
| 2. |
és |
|
you are (familiar) |
|
é |
|
you are (formal) |
| 3. |
é |
|
he is, it is |
|
é |
|
she is, it is |
| Plural |
| 1. |
somos |
|
we are |
| 2. |
são |
|
you are |
| 3. |
são |
|
they are |
| estar |
|
to be |
| Singular |
| 1. |
estou |
|
I am |
| 2. |
estás |
|
you are (familiar) |
|
está |
|
you are (formal) |
| 3. |
está |
|
he is, it is |
|
está |
|
she is, it is |
| Plural |
| 1. |
estamos |
|
we are |
| 2. |
estão |
|
you are |
| 3. |
estão |
|
they are |
| ter |
|
to have |
| Singular |
| 1. |
tenho |
|
I have |
| 2. |
tens |
|
you have (familiar) |
|
tem |
|
you have (formal) |
| 3. |
tem |
|
he has, it has |
|
tem |
|
she has, it has |
| Plural |
| 1. |
temos |
|
we have |
| 2. |
têm |
|
you have |
| 3. |
têm |
|
they have |
| falar |
|
to speak |
| Singular |
| 1. |
falo |
|
I speak |
| 2. |
falas |
|
you speak (familiar) |
|
fala |
|
you speak (formal) |
| 3. |
fala |
|
he speaks, it speaks |
|
fala |
|
she speaks, it speaks |
| Plural |
| 1. |
falamos |
|
we speak |
| 2. |
falam |
|
you speak |
| 3. |
falam |
|
they speak |
Adjectives
Adjectives have two genders, masculine and feminine and are usually placed after the noun.
| rico |
|
rich (masc.) |
| Singular |
| um homem rico |
|
a rich man |
| o homem rico |
|
the rich man |
| Plural |
| homens ricos |
|
rich men |
| os homens ricos |
|
the rich men |
| rica |
|
rich (fem.) |
| Singular |
| uma mulher rica |
|
a rich woman |
| a mulher rica |
|
the rich woman |
| Plural |
| mulheres ricas |
|
rich women |
| as mulheres ricas |
|
the rich women |
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