Middle Welsh Grammar

Nouns

Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine.

cledyf      sword (masc.)
Singular
nom.      y cledyf      the sword
Plural
nom.      y cledyveu      the swords

caer      fort (fem.)
Singular
nom.      y gaer      the fort
Plural
nom.      y keyryd      the forts

Verbs

bot      to be
Singular
1. yd wyf i      I am
2. yd wyt ti      you are
3. y mae ef      he is
y mae hi      she is
Plural
1. yd ym ni      we are
2. yd ywch chwi      you are
3. y maent wy      they are

bot gan      to have
Singular
1. y mae ... genhyf      I have ...
2. y mae ... genhyt      you have ...
3. y mae ... ganthaw      he has ...
y mae ... genthi      she has ...
Plural
1. y mae ... genhym      we have ...
2. y mae ... genhwch      you have ...
3. y mae ... ganthunt      they have ...

gwelet      to see
Singular
1. mi a welaf      I see
2. ti a wely      you see
3. ef a wel      he sees
hi a wel      she sees
Plural
1. ni a welwn      we see
2. chwi a welwch      you see
3. wy a welant      they see

Adjectives

Adjectives have two genders, masculine and feminine and are usually placed after the noun.

bychan      little (masc.)
Singular
march bychan      a little horse
y march bychan      the little horse
Plural
meirch bychein      little horses
y meirch bychein      the little horses

vechan      little (fem.)
Singular
morwyn vechan      a little maiden
y vorwyn vechan      the little maiden
Plural
morynyon bychein      little maidens
y morynyon bychein      the little maidens

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