Latin Grammar
Nouns
Nouns have three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter. Traditionally Latin nouns are classified in five declensions, depending on word structure. Examples from two of the declensions are given here.
ventus |
|
wind (masc., 2nd decl.) |
Singular |
nom. |
|
ventus |
|
the wind |
voc. |
|
vente |
acc. |
|
ventum |
gen. |
|
venti |
dat. |
|
vento |
abl. |
|
vento |
Plural |
nom. |
|
venti |
|
the winds |
voc. |
|
venti |
acc. |
|
ventos |
gen. |
|
ventorum |
dat. |
|
ventis |
abl. |
|
ventis |
terra |
|
land (fem., 1st decl.) |
Singular |
nom. |
|
terra |
|
the land |
voc. |
|
terra |
acc. |
|
terram |
gen. |
|
terrae |
dat. |
|
terrae |
abl. |
|
terra |
Plural |
nom. |
|
terrae |
|
the lands |
voc. |
|
terrae |
acc. |
|
terras |
gen. |
|
terrarum |
dat. |
|
terris |
abl. |
|
terris |
iugum |
|
yoke (neut., 2nd decl.) |
Singular |
nom. |
|
iugum |
|
the yoke |
voc. |
|
iugum |
acc. |
|
iugum |
gen. |
|
iugi |
dat. |
|
iugo |
abl. |
|
iugo |
Plural |
nom. |
|
iuga |
|
the yokes |
voc. |
|
iuga |
acc. |
|
iuga |
gen. |
|
iugorum |
dat. |
|
iugis |
abl. |
|
iugis |
Verbs
esse |
|
to be |
Singular |
1. |
sum |
|
I am |
2. |
es |
|
you are |
3. |
est |
|
he is |
|
est |
|
she is |
|
est |
|
it is |
Plural |
1. |
sumus |
|
we are |
2. |
estis |
|
you are |
3. |
sunt |
|
they are |
habere |
|
to have |
Singular |
1. |
habeo |
|
I have |
2. |
habes |
|
you have |
3. |
habet |
|
he has |
|
habet |
|
she has |
|
habet |
|
it has |
Plural |
1. |
habemus |
|
we have |
2. |
habetis |
|
you have |
3. |
habent |
|
they have |
vocare |
|
to call |
Singular |
1. |
voco |
|
I call |
2. |
vocas |
|
you call |
3. |
vocat |
|
he calls |
|
vocat |
|
she calls |
|
vocat |
|
it calls |
Plural |
1. |
vocamus |
|
we call |
2. |
vocatis |
|
you call |
3. |
vocant |
|
they call |
Adjectives
Adjectives have three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter and are often placed after the noun.
magnus |
|
large (masc.) |
Singular |
equus magnus |
|
a large horse |
equus magnus |
|
the large horse |
Plural |
equi magni |
|
large horses |
equi magni |
|
the large horses |
magna |
|
large (fem.) |
Singular |
vacca magna |
|
a large cow |
vacca magna |
|
the large cow |
Plural |
vaccae magnae |
|
large cows |
vaccae magnae |
|
the large cows |
magnum |
|
large (neut.) |
Singular |
regnum magnum |
|
a large kingdom |
regnum magnum |
|
the large kingdom |
Plural |
regna magna |
|
large kingdoms |
regna magna |
|
the large kingdoms |
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