Latin Grammar

Nouns

Nouns have three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter. Traditionally Latin nouns are classified in five declensions, depending on word structure. Examples from two of the declensions are given here.

ventus      wind (masc., 2nd decl.)
Singular
nom.      ventus      the wind
voc.      vente
acc.      ventum
gen.      venti
dat.      vento
abl.      vento
Plural
nom.      venti      the winds
voc.      venti
acc.      ventos
gen.      ventorum
dat.      ventis
abl.      ventis

terra      land (fem., 1st decl.)
Singular
nom.      terra      the land
voc.      terra
acc.      terram
gen.      terrae
dat.      terrae
abl.      terra
Plural
nom.      terrae      the lands
voc.      terrae
acc.      terras
gen.      terrarum
dat.      terris
abl.      terris

iugum      yoke (neut., 2nd decl.)
Singular
nom.      iugum      the yoke
voc.      iugum
acc.      iugum
gen.      iugi
dat.      iugo
abl.      iugo
Plural
nom.      iuga      the yokes
voc.      iuga
acc.      iuga
gen.      iugorum
dat.      iugis
abl.      iugis

Verbs

esse      to be
Singular
1. sum      I am
2. es      you are
3. est      he is
est      she is
est      it is
Plural
1. sumus      we are
2. estis      you are
3. sunt      they are

habere      to have
Singular
1. habeo      I have
2. habes      you have
3. habet      he has
habet      she has
habet      it has
Plural
1. habemus      we have
2. habetis      you have
3. habent      they have

vocare      to call
Singular
1. voco      I call
2. vocas      you call
3. vocat      he calls
vocat      she calls
vocat      it calls
Plural
1. vocamus      we call
2. vocatis      you call
3. vocant      they call

Adjectives

Adjectives have three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter and are often placed after the noun.

magnus      large (masc.)
Singular
equus magnus      a large horse
equus magnus      the large horse
Plural
equi magni      large horses
equi magni      the large horses

magna      large (fem.)
Singular
vacca magna      a large cow
vacca magna      the large cow
Plural
vaccae magnae      large cows
vaccae magnae      the large cows

magnum      large (neut.)
Singular
regnum magnum      a large kingdom
regnum magnum      the large kingdom
Plural
regna magna      large kingdoms
regna magna      the large kingdoms

Home