Breton Grammar
Nouns
Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine.
| koad |
|
wood (masc.) |
| Singular |
| nom. |
|
ar c'hoad |
|
the wood |
| Plural |
| nom. |
|
ar c'hoadoù |
|
the woods |
| kador |
|
chair (fem.) |
| Singular |
| nom. |
|
ar gador |
|
the chair |
| Plural |
| nom. |
|
ar kadorioù |
|
the chairs |
Verbs
The verb bezañ, "to be", is used in two versions. If position is indicated, e.g. he is in the garden, the first version is used. If a noun is used, e.g. he is a doctor, or if an adjective is used, e.g. he is cold, the second version is used.
| bezañ |
|
to be Version 1 |
| Singular |
| 1. |
emaon |
|
I am |
| 2. |
emaout |
|
you are (familiar) |
|
emaoc'h |
|
you are (formal) |
| 3. |
emañ |
|
he is |
|
emañ |
|
she is |
| Plural |
| 1. |
emaomp |
|
we are |
| 2. |
emaoc'h |
|
you are |
| 3. |
emaint |
|
they are |
| bezañ |
|
to be Version 2 |
| Singular |
| 1. |
on |
|
I am |
| 2. |
out |
|
you are (familiar) |
|
oc'h |
|
you are (formal) |
| 3. |
eo |
|
he is |
|
eo |
|
she is |
| Plural |
| 1. |
omp |
|
we are |
| 2. |
oc'h |
|
you are |
| 3. |
int |
|
they are |
| kaout |
|
to have |
| Singular |
| 1. |
... am eus |
|
I have ... |
| 2. |
... ac'h eus |
|
you have ... (familiar) |
|
... hoc'h eus |
|
you have ... (formal) |
| 3. |
... en deus |
|
he has ... |
|
... he deus |
|
she has ... |
| Plural |
| 1. |
... hon eus |
|
we have ... |
| 2. |
... hoc'h eus |
|
you have ... |
| 3. |
... o deus |
|
they have ... |
| kousket |
|
to sleep |
| Singular |
| 1. |
me a gousk |
|
I sleep |
| 2. |
te a gousk |
|
you sleep (familiar) |
|
c'hwi a gousk |
|
you sleep (formal) |
| 3. |
eñ a gousk |
|
he sleeps |
|
hi a gousk |
|
she sleeps |
| Plural |
| 1. |
ni a gousk |
|
we sleep |
| 2. |
c'hwi a gousk |
|
you sleep |
| 3. |
i a gousk |
|
they sleep |
Adjectives
Adjectives have two genders, masculine and feminine and are usually placed after the noun.
| bihan |
|
small (masc.) |
| Singular |
| un tan bihan |
|
a small fire |
| an tan bihan |
|
the small fire |
| Plural |
| tanioù bihan |
|
small fires |
| an tanioù bihan |
|
the small fires |
| vihan |
|
small (fem.) |
| Singular |
| un daol vihan |
|
a small table |
| an daol vihan |
|
the small table |
| Plural |
| taolioù bihan |
|
small tables |
| an taolioù bihan |
|
the small tables |
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